Woven fabric.



Patented Nov. 13, I900.

A; HEALD. WOVEN FABRIC. (Application filed Feb. 19, 1900) (Specimens.)

rm: NORRIS PETERS co. mum-Limo WASNINGTON. n c.

NITED STATES PATENT Erica.

ALFRED HEALD, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

WOVEN FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 661,640, dated November 13, 1900.

. Application filed February 19, 1900. Serial No. 5,754. ($peoimens.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ALFRED HEALD, a citi- 'zen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Woven Fabrics, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consists of a woven fabricintended especially for carpets, rugs, and the like and of such character that while it can be readily produced upon a loom such as is ordinarily employed for weaving in grain carpet it will form an acceptable substitute for an ordinary Brussels carpet, as it bears a close resemblance to the latter in appearance and diversity of coloring, while it has the additional advantage of being, like an ingrain carpet, double-faced and reversible, the fabric being, moreover, of close texture and having its faces or plies well tied together, so as to be free from the objectionable pockets of an in grain-carpet fabric. The fabric is also considerably cheaper than a Brussels-carpet fabric of corresponding quality.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an exaggerated section of my improved fabric, taken in the direction of the warp; and Fig. 2 is an exaggerated section of the fabric, taken in the direction of the weft.

The drawings, besides beingexaggerated as to the size of the threads, show the fabric as of open texture in order that the course of the separate threads can be readily followed. The actual fabric, while structurally similar to that shown, will have the threads more closely bunched or beaten up.

My improved fabric in its preferred form consists of sets of patterning warp-threads alternating with pairs of fine binding Warpthreads and pairs of heavy weft-threads alternating with pairs of fine weftthreads. Each set of patterning warp-threads may comprise two, three, or more, and these threads may constitute either in whole or in part the surface-threads of the fabric whereby the pattern is produced. Each set of these Warp-threads forms on each face of the fabric successive loops very similar to the looped pile-threads of an ordinary Brussels carpet, the difference being that instead of being tied into a backing fabric and otherwise unsupported these loops are filled and supported by the heavy weft-threads of the fabric. The heavy weft-threads may serve simply as pile loop filling or supporting threads or may in addition to performing this duty in certain parts of the fabric appear upon either or both of the faces of the fabric in other parts, so as to diversify the coloring of the pattern. The fine weft-threads bind down and indent the pile forming warpthreads between thesuccessive pairs of heavy Weft-threads, so as to form the desired pileloop effect, and the fine warp-threads bind together the fine weft-threads of each pair and also the heavy weft-threads of each pair, so as to give the fabric the desired firm texture.

In the fabric shown in the drawings each set of pile-forming warp-threads comprises three threads 1, 2, and 3, these sets of pileforming warp-threads being alternated with the fine binding warp-threads 4 and 5, and the pairs of heavy weft-threads 6 and 7 alternate with the pairs of fine weft-threads 8 and 9. Where the pile-forming warp-threads constitute both faces of the fabric, one of said warp-threads of each set appears upon one face and one upon the other face, the third thread being in the center of the fabric and one heavy weft-thread being inserted between said intermediate Warp-thread and the warpthread of the upper face, while the other heavy weft-thread is inserted between said intermediate warp thread and the warp thread of the lower face, each face warpthread being thus projected so that when it is bound down tightly by the fine weft-threads between the successive pairs of heavy weftthreads it will form successive loops, and thus impart to each face of the fabric the looped pile appearance presented by a Brussels carpet. The structure thus described is that shown inthe portion of the fabric marked A in the drawings.

Where one of ,the heavy weft-threads appears upon one face of the fabric to aid in the formation of the pattern, while the other face of the fabric is formed by one of the pileforming warp-threads, the remaining warpthreads of the set pass between the surface weft-thread and the pile-filling Weft-thread, as shown in that portion of the fabric marked B in the drawings, and where the heavy weft-threads appear upon both faces of the fabric to form the pattern all of the pile-form ingwarp-threads pass between said weft- -t'hreads,'as-'shown in those portions of the passing over a heavy weft-thread, then over a binding weft-thread of one face, then under a heavy weft-thread and under a binding weft-thread of the other face, then over a heavy weft-thread and over a binding weftthre'ad of the first face, then under a heavy weft'thread anda binding weft-thread of the other face, and so on indefinitely, theeffect being that the fine warp-threads separated and pulled apartin the direction of the length of the fabric the heavy weft-threads, so as to cause a diagonal disposition of the successively-inserted heavy weft-threads, which caused the production of a flat loop of pilewarp, the fact that each binding warp-thread passed successively over a thick weft-thread and over a fine weft-thread also preventing that drawing down of the fine weft-threads which is necessary in order to form a high and well-defined loop of pile-warp. In the fabric alluded to, moreover, the surfaces of the fabric were formed wholly by the warpthreads. ,Hence it will be noted that my invention is distinguished from that referred to in several respectsnamely, in having successive pairs of binding Warp-threads, each of which after passing over one heavy weftthread passes under a fine weft-thread, or vice versa, so that the heavy weft-threads are drawn into positionone above the other and the' fine weft-threads are drawn down deeply between them. Furthermore, in my improved fabric provision is made for the use of the heavy weft-threads not only as pile-supporting threads, but also as surface or pattern-forming threads, and while my ini form its duty of filling the pile-loop in those portions of the fabric in which the surface is at least two successively-inserted heavy weftweft-threads, and this weft-thread may or may not appear upon the surface of the fabric, as desired; but where there are three or more pile-forming warp-threads in each set threads will be employed,'so one may lie simply a repetition of a certain order of picking four shuttles, as in the ordinary ingrainloom. The jacquard mechanism, however, if employing the usual notchedground and figure lift-boards should be modified so as to have the notches of both boards facing in the same direction instead of oppositely and should also provide for the lifting of both boards simultaneously instead of alternately, as usual, whereby any desired one of the harness-tails may be lifted on each pick of the loom. Such changes, however, are of a simple character and can be readily effected at small expense.

Although I have described myinvention as a carpet or rug fabric and although it has been devised especially for the production of such fabrics, it will be evident that the invention can be embodied in fabrics of a finer character, such as those intended for curtains, upholstery, 'or the like.

I do not herein claim specifically that form of my improved fabric represented at B and D, as this embodiment of my invention forms the subject of a separate application filed by me on the 24th day of October, 1900, Serial No. 34,149.

.Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patcut-- 1. A woven fabric in which sets of pileforming warp-threads alternating with binding warpthreads are interwoven with heavy weft-threads alternating with binding weftthreads, said pile-formingwarp-threads producing pile-loops on both faces of the fabric, the heavy weft-threads distending said pileloops, the binding weft-threads tying and indenting the pile-forming warp-threads between the heavy weft-threads, and each binding warp-thread passing around a heavy weftthread, thence to and around a binding weftthread and thence back and around a heavy weft-thread, substantially as specified.

2. A woven fabric in which sets of pileforming warp-threads alternating with binding warp-threads are interwoven with heavy weft-threads alternating with binding weftthreads, said pile-forming warp-threads producing pile-loops on both faces of the fabric in some portions of the same and being distended by the heavy weft-threads at such places,'the heavy weft-threads covering the pile-forming warp-threads on one or both faces of .the fabric in other portions of the same, the binding weft-threads tying and indentin g the surface warp-threads between the heavy weft-threads, and each binding warpthread passing around a heavy weft-thread, thence to and around a binding weft-thread and thence back to and around a heavy weftthread, substantially as specified.

3. A woven fabric in which sets of pileforrning warp-threads, each comprising three or more threads, alternating with binding warp threads, are interwoven with heavy weft-threads in sets or pairs alternating with binding weft-threads, two of the pile-forming warp-th reads of each set forming loops on the opposite faces of the fabric, and the remaining thread or threads of the set occupying an intermediate position, a heavy weft-thread of each set or pair occupying a position between such intermediate warp thread or threads and the pile-loops of one face, and another heavy weft-thread of each set or pair occupying a position between said intermediate warp thread or threads and the pile-loops of the other face, the binding weft-threads tying and indenting the pile-loops between the sets or pairs of heavy weft-threads and the binding warp-threads being interwoven with the heavy weft-threads and the binding weftthreads in order to tie the two faces of the fabric together, substantially as specified.

4. A woven fabric in which sets of pileforming warp-threads, each set comprising three or more threads, alternating with binding warp-threads, are interwoven with sets or pairs of heavy weft-threads alternating with binding weft-th reads, said pile-forming warpthreads of each set forming, in some portions of the fabric, loops on the opposite faces of the same and the other thread or threads of each set not so employed occupying an intermediate position in the fabric, one of the heavy weft-threads of each set or pair being disposed between the intermediate warp thread or threads and the pile-loops of one face, and the other heavy weft-thread of each set or pair being disposed between said intermediate warp thread or threads and the pileloops of the other face, either heavy weftthread, when not so disposed, lying outside of the pile-forming warp-threads and forming a surface-thread of the fabric, the binding weftthreads tying down the pile-forming Warp-threads between the sets or pairs of heavy weft threads, and .the binding warp threads beinginterwoven with the heavy weft threads and binding Weft-threads in such manner as to tie the two faces of the fabric together, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALFRED HEALD.

Witnesses:

F. E. BEOHTOLD, Jos. H. KLEIN. 

